Evolution Korea
South Korea's democratic system is prone to populist tendencies. It's still better than expected.
The country is searching for an innovative development paradigm. The Confucian culture, which stresses respect for ancestors and as and gender-specific family relationships, continues to be influential in the society. There are indications of a secularist cultural trend that is emerging.
Origins
In prehistoric times, the ancestors to today's Koreans were capable of surviving by hunting and gathering wild foods. Then around 10,000 years ago, they began to grow crops such as millet and beans. They also raised livestock, and even made furs. These people formed tribal states in succession in Manchuria and on the Korean peninsula. They also created a metalworking industry, producing bronze tools and later iron tools. They traded with other states and introduced cedon papermaking, block printing art styles, as well as writing to Japan.
In 2333 BCE Gojoseon was established on the southern part of the peninsula. This state embraced Chinese culture that included Confucian Philosophy and Buddhism. During this time, the people of Buyeo joined Gojoseon. Gojoseon was a hierarchical society that included a monarch as well as senior officials were drawn from the landed aristocracy, while the majority of the population were peasants. The state collected taxes from these citizens, and often required them to join the army or participate in projects of the government, like building fortifications.
Onjo the prince of Goguryeo who was also the son of Jumong who was the founder of Goguryeo established the state of Baekje towards the end of the time. The new kingdom grew into the southwest of the peninsula, and was at war against Goguryeo's commanderies and China's in the region. Baekje accepted Confucian ideas into its state belief system in 1390 CE, and introduced the male-centric concept of filiopiety a tenet. Under the guise of filiopiety fathers were accountable to their families and had to be revered and obeyed by everyone, even their children and grandchildren.
Goryeo, which would rule from 918 until 1392 CE established the Hangul alphabet built on the patterns created by the mouth when it was pronounced. This greatly improved communication and led to a rise in the writing of Buddhist text. Additionally, movable metallic type printing was introduced, and woodblock printing was improved. In 1145 CE, the Samguk Sagi or "History of the Three Kingdoms" was first recorded.
Evolution in Korea
The Korean peninsula was inhabited from Neolithic times onwards. Early evidence of human settlements can be found in the form of cist graves that were lined with stone, with precious items such as amazonite jewelry that were buried with the dead. Megalithic structures, referred to as dolmens, built from enormous single stones, are also widespread throughout the country.
Gojoseon was the first state to be recognized in the first half of 1st millennium BCE. After that, the peninsula was ruled by various states during the Three Kingdoms period (57 BC- 635 CE) including Baekje, Goguryeo, and Silla. The northern part of the peninsula was for a while occupied by the Balhae Kingdom which historians do not believe to be a real Korean state.
After the Three Kingdoms, several smaller states arose in the Proto-Three Kingdoms period, or Several States Period (yeolgugsidae). Among them, Baekje was the most powerful state however, its dynasty ended with the fall of Goguryeo in 676 CE, leaving it with its southern territories of Manchuria and the western region surrounding the Hwanghae Bay, while eastern Buyeo and the Gaya confederacy thrived for some time.
The Unified Silla Kingdom then emerged and the three kingdoms started to collaborate to expand their territories. Silla with the help of the Chinese, eventually conquered and united the peninsula in 935.
As Korea is entering the post-crisis phase the development paradigm of the country appears to be in flux. Those who are appalled by the enormous cost of the old system are urging a thorough program of liberalization of capital as well as labor markets. On the other hand the supporters of the old system try to preserve it through nationalist sentiments, as well as by inflating fears about potential job losses.
Academics and analysts are divided about the extent to which Korea's development is being driven by these two trends. This article focuses on the five phases of the Korean evolution in terms of its political development including democratic democracies that are not liberal (1945-60) democratic autoritarianism (1961-72) authoritarian exceptionalism (1972-1877) democratic paternalism (2001-2002) and participatory democracy (2002). This article also identifies some important factors that appear to influence these processes.
Creationism in Korea
In South Korea, 26% of the population is Christian. Creationists have made progress in promoting their views to this group. A survey conducted in 2009 revealed that almost a third of respondents did not believe in evolution. Of those who voted, 41% said that there wasn't enough evidence from science to support the theory 39% claimed that the theory did not align with their beliefs and 17% said it was difficult to grasp. This level of doubt is similar to the United States where a similar percentage do not believe humans evolved from earlier forms of life.
In 에볼루션바카라사이트 Evolution , the anti-evolution campaign in Korea was primarily focused on teaching students and bringing Christ to them. An increase in interest in creation science began in the year 1980, following an all-day seminar that was held during the World Evangelization Crusade in Seoul which included Drs. Henry Morris and Duane Gish of ICR as the featured speakers. This event attracted a huge number of church leaders and scientists.
The success of this event resulted in the creation of the Korea Association of Creation Research (KACR) on January 31 1981. The event was extensively covered in the national press, including The Korea Times, Chosun Ilbo and The Korea Times.
KACR began publishing a monthly newsletter called CREATION, where it covered its activities and published articles about scientific evidence for creationism. It also translated film strips and slides from ICR and also some books on creationism which were published outside of Korea. KACR members gave lectures in churches and universities throughout the country.
One example of one KACR success story took place at the KAIST university in Seoul. Students at the KAIST university in Seoul were so keen on the concept of creationism that they raised money and got funding to build a small creationist museum on campus.
In addition to its public activities, KACR publishes a bimonthly news magazine, CREATION, that covers topics related to creation science. It also sponsored a series of talks by ICR staff. It has also established a network of local branches, which hold seminars and present talks to school children and community groups.
The evolution of South Korea
In the latter half of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century, Korea moved toward a Westernised lifestyle. The traditional Korean dress, the hanbok was replaced by miniskirts, and other fashion elements from abroad. In the same way, traditional Korean music styles were replaced with modern jazz and rock and roll. In this period, the famous samulnori, or masked dance-dramas, became loved by the public. These dramatic pieces were performed to the beat of shaman drummers and other musical instruments.
Korea's new model of development is being developed in the aftermath of the economic crisis. The primary challenge facing the new regime is to find the right balance between the state-led economic policies and market-based ones. It also involves changing incentives, monitoring or disciplining systems that have created the system prior to the crisis. These issues are addressed in Chapters 3 and 4.
Baekje was founded by Onjo the prince and third son of Jumong of Goguryeo was established by people from the Hangang River area, Buyeo and other areas, as well as migrants from northern China. In the early 4th century, Baekje was a major regional power and expanded its territory as far as Mahan in the north and Jeollanam-do in the south. It was therefore in constant conflict with Goguryeo, and the Chinese commanderies on the border.
The decline of Silla in the late 8th and early 9th centuries saw powerful local factions to rise. Gungye was a nobleman from Later Baekje who established a kingdom in Songak with Songak as its capital. He controlled a part of today's Jeolla province and Chungcheong. Later, he relocated the capital to Wansanju and became a rival to Goguryeo.
The rule of his was, however, short-lived. After Gungye's defeat, he was overthrown by an influential local leader, Wang Geon, who united Goryeo with Baekje and Silla in 935, Later Baekje was peacefully integrated into Goryeo as an alternative state. Wang Geon also introduced fundamental reforms, and strengthened the centrally-run system. This marked the closing of the Three Kingdoms period. The Korean peninsula was later ruled by the Goryeo Dynasty. In the Three Kingdoms Period, Goguryeo Baekje Silla slowly developed into powerful states on the peninsula as well as in Manchuria.